Tumbler type lock



Aug. 10, 1943. H. L. HULL TUMBLERTYPE LOCK Filed Jan. 23, 1940 2 She ts-Sheet 1 Aug. 10, 1943. H. L. HULL TUMBLER TYPE LOCK Filed Jan. 25, 1940 2 Sheets- 2 3mm flmerL Zl v shapes.

certain of which may yPatented Aug. 10, 1943 whicha body is provided with a movable member and means normally f operative to prevent movement of: the member;- Locks of this genel'ai'type,

now'in use are lobjectionable in that when unauthorized persons obtain keystherefor and it' is must be removed from the door or other-article to whichit is attachedand taken to a locksmith-who must disassemble the lock and.- change the ele ments'therein to set the lock to a-newcombinathe provision" of alock which'maybe changed without removal from the location through the use of a The primary cbjectsof this invention'resides in plurality of: keys having predetermined Another object resides inthe provision o f a lock having a body in which a plurality of Sets of pinways are formed, said sets beingdisposedfinin tegral relation to one another Erniadaptedlto register with sockets formedin a noejmber movably supported in the body. vThe; pinways are vprovided for thereception of tumbler; elements 7 which are composed of a plurality; of; sections,

pinways to the other. 7 v

It is, also an object to provide normal key receiving position and acombination changing key position. The insertion of a different key in the lock when in the combination changing position and movement of the key to be moved from one. set of a lock'hodywith a the normal position servesto actuate elementsinthe lock to change the combination; V A still further objectresides in providing alockof the type above mentioned with means for preventing' the removal. of the key when in a combination changing position except upon theactu ation of certain elements of the lock.

body formed fori-thereception-of a cylinden the i a body having. a plurality .of pinways to receive.

spring-pressed followers. The cylinder'ehas a plurality of sockets forpush'mei'nbers, the sockets being adapted'to register with the pinways whenthe cylinder isin; a normal position; The body is provided: with a second setgcf pinways with it of thesocketswiththe firstset of pinway e sockets in addition to the push members, receive ferred form of look, This. lockrsiniisms-instance; I is of cylindrical ,form and: is pr short pin sectionswhich may be deposited in. the

pinways of either set' through-the use of key' means of suitableiorm.

-- -Otherobjectsiwill'beapparentiromtth ,reiicw accordan wwith'thexp' fe'sent invention;

1 desired to change the combination of the lock, it

positionedein the lock; preparatory to changing I thecombinationofthe lock; 1-; 3 V r-fFigl, 91s a imilar-view showingiake if tumbler eleinentsbeing in position:toepermit'ro remo a It isvalso an object to provide a lock having a,

ing-jdescription;andsthe acconipanyingdrawings v in'whichH-tliejnventionj ha 411ustmremn several foimsi -In;the'.dra wings; .c

- v Fig- :17 is a'perspective view .0 I

alock' formed hi1 e i 'Fig.;. 2, 1s:-a front-elevationaliviewof the 'lockl'j; T

. sh w inzyFigkcl; :Hi 7' v P5 1 Fi i 3;:islaverticali-longitudinal,sectional-Viewj" takencntheplaneindicatedzi y-"the-lineIII III- f verticaI transversejsectional" iew' i taken on the plane indicated cby'the line IV-:'IV g 1 Fig.- 5518 a YiBWjiIilihIj;tOt'FiQTZ-ILbut 'showsaff 1 V keyiposltioned in thekey-wayof the lockw'cylinder: i tomcve the tumbler elements to aposition'wheree byythe cylinder mayberotated-it. V .Figzz'fi is,a"vertical;transversesectional view taken on the plan indicated by the -lin'e*VIi+VI Fig.- 7 is a view similar toFig'. 5;showing a-key ig. :8- is a vertical longitudinal stomaeat throughamodifled -formoflock; I?

7 emerged T in the cylindergcf the: lock. sho r1in.:Fig;:8-, the i tation of; the cylinder taken crr'the plane indi-catedmy the line -X+-X; of V I Fig. 7 an-dshows the means for preventing the re= y mOval of" the key-when: the cylinder is in a com binationchanging position; J 1 I Fig 1]; iSf'atSlmi1aI'iVi6\l'fihQ hggthekeyre- 1 I taining meansin a releasedpositiontopermit the hey anagthe insertion of a" difierent r: Fg: 104s a--vertieal--transversesectione.l view key; I 7 Fi 12 isaa'detaiisectionahview takengthrough o T a padloch-provided with; combination-changing j liig lls is a.horizontal?sectional view-taken on 3 l the plane 'ihdieated by the r e, X II-X II' of a 1 ;Referring ;;more pa ici larly-fto thegdrawin the numeral I designates tl BfbodyL- flthepica,

1 end is formed on it's'fexterior' surface with screw? I threads 4 to receive similar threads formed in the volved in the'b'odylj short pin sections, in this instance, three in number being illustrated.

door or other article tohold the body I in'connection therewith. As is usual inthi's type of 7 look, the body is provided, with a groove 5 to receive the inner'end of a set screw carried by the article to which the lock-is applied. to prevent turning movement of the lock body. Since this invention is directed to the lock, the elements em- The body; [is provided vwith a longitudinally ex- ,tending bore 6 which is preferably. eccentrically g It will be apparent from the foregoing that any key' provided with a tumbler engaging edge which willposition the outer ends of the pusher mem- V bers and any of the pin sections in registration "withthe outer surface of the cylinder will place the lock inoperating condition. As shown in Fig.5, a key having the proper shape to position the outer end of the uppermost pin section in registration with the exterior of the cylinder is placed in the keyway and the cylinder, if rotated .with such a key therein, will carry the pin secdisposed in'the bodyan'd is provided to" receive a cylinder member l. The length of the cylinder is substantially equalfto that of the body so that the ends of the cylinder will be flush with the [ends of the body when assembled therewith. One

. end of the cylinder has aflange 8 formed thereon to locate the cylinder with relation to the body anclfithe opposite end is provided with threaded openings for Ithei'reception of machine screws 9 employed in securing a lever. It totheicylinder.

The inner end of'the. cylinder is provided'witha transverse slot to I receive a; key. 'I l' which assists thei screws- 9 in preventing relative movement between the lever- IQ and the cylinder. .The-cylinder isiprovided with'a longitudinally extending ""mille'd keyway l2 forthe: reception of 'key' means j having suitable crosssectional configuration.

j Ext'e'nding" into the cylinder from the side thereof are aiplurality of sockets l3, the axes of which are arranged in a plane passing'through 'the axis ofrotation ofthe'cylinder'and'th'e longitudinal axis of the keyway. ;The bod-y l' is 'pro; videdwith] a plurality of drilled openings ,14 whicha-respaced longitudinally of the body land tionstherewith. *If the sockets are brought into "registration withv the second'set of pinways,

and the key is removed, a second key having the "1 shape shown in Fig. '7 may be inserted and will serve to move the uppermost pin section into the pinwaywof the-second set. Then if the cylinder is turned to a normal positioniand the key withdrawn, :thefollower will move into the socket to greaterextent and if thefirst keyfisinserted in the ke'yway, the itumbler engaging-surface at 2i] will beof an insufficient height to-entirely push have th'eir'exes in registration with the longi f tudinal axis'of the opening-6;" Certain offthe drilled openings I 4 as Miare'dispos'ed ini-an'gular relationship with the, remaining openings. spacing provides a plurality oi sets of such openings. Corresponding openin'gs'in each set are in the cylinder; By this con struction the so'ckets will be alternatelyaligned with the pini-ways'of K the sets upon rotation of the cylinder infthe body. 4 To prevent this -jr'otation and consequent movement o'ffthe layer !0, tumbler elements l5 are These elements include spri'ng' members I6,Ffol-.

lowersfl! fandkey engagin'g pusher members l8.

'I'he pusher members are-6f different lengths and each of the follower members remain in the pink ways and prevent rotation of the cylinderifl; Whenit'is desiredtorotatethe cylinder to unlock the door'with which the lock mechanism" is connectedtakey'may be inserted in the keyway 'andif theke'y isof th'e propersha'pe, the

in' registration andfspaced'longitudinallyof the body to conform to the spacing of the sockets I3 the follower out of thesocket."-]Since a portion of .the'follwerremains in thesocket; the cylinder will beprecluded from rotation.

" Itwill thus be seen that the combinationoi the lock has been changed to suchan extent that the first'key. has been rendered useless. I This operation maybe repeated until all the pin sections 7, have be'en removed from the cylinder to the sup- .plemental pinway.-

In Figs.8 and'9, one pin section lil hasbeen V positioned in each socket in the cylinden'These pin sections may be transferredfrom the cylinder to the supplemental pinways in the same manner asabove set forth, the eliminationof each pin section serving to effect I suchchange in the combination of the lock.

' "Itis obvious that, if desired, the pin-sections It? could be disposed in the supplementalpinways when the lock is originally "assembled and then be transierred to the cylinder and back one'at a time}; through the use-of suitable keys, tdchange thecombination's of the lock. g t Either bfthe forms "so far described willpermit the effective changing of the combination f without removing [the lock irom the do r; In positioned in the drilled openings orpinwaysfl.

the first form de's cribed; when all the pin sections are positioned in the cylindenall the keys willopen the lock, the keys beingelirninated one at a time as'the 'pinhs'ectiensj are moved from the cylinder to the supplemental pin'way; In the form 'shown in Figs; -8 and 9,w hen all thepin sections are contained within the cylinder, any key having a shape which will position the inner or outer ends of the pin sections in registration with the exterior'surface of thecylinder will operate the lock. f Asthe pin sections are elimi nated. certain of the keys will be rendered use-v less a'nd the combination of the lock willbe 1 changed. so that adifierent key will be required.

outer endsjoi the pusher members will be brought 1 iritoregistration withthe exterior-surface of the cylinder "at which time: the bylinder may be re I ."To change the combination of the lock, one or moreofthe sockets hasa'plurality of wafer' like lpin sections. l9 disposed therein ibet'weenithe .jTo prevent the undesired 7 any suitable manner] Whe'ntone or more pin sections are placed in each socket, the number of combination changes possible ifs-greatly increased.

withdrawal'of keys at thefcombination changing s same; a lock shownat 2| has been rovmed. This lock "comprises a sprihg bar 2 2 secured tothe body in This spring extends through. a slot formed in the body and has its outer end in an annular recess 23 in the cylinder.

I The keys-arc provided with a' recess 24 which,

inclusive, :only' one socket is 'providedcwith the when the key is in proper position in'the keyway.

. as in the preferred forms of will register with the annular recess in the cylinder.

Whenthe cylinder is in a combination changing position, the end of the spring bar will be disposed in the slot in the key and. outward movement of the key will be resisted. When it is desired to change the combination by removing the key at the combination changing position, the spring'bar .22 may be moved out of the recess in the key by'inserting a plunger 25 in an openingZfi in the body I. The" opening is so positioned that when the plunger Ziisinserted, the angularend of the plunger will fieX the spring bar so that the outer end will be moved out of the recess 23 and the key 1 withdrawn. To prevent resistance to rotary movement of the cylinder, the outer end of the bar is slightly curled as at 21 to present a smooth surface for engagement by the key.

Asshown in Figs. 12 and 13, the principles of changing thecombination of a lockhave been incorporated 1118. look of the padlock type. In

this type, a body 28 is provided witha recess for the reception of a cylinder 29, the latter-corresponding to the cylinder 7! in the preferred form. The inner. end of the cylinder is provided with an eccentric pin 30 which, .upon rotation'offthe cylinder, serves to move a spring pressed keeper 3| from engagement with a shoulder formedon a U-shaped bail member 32..

outwardly in response to the force of a. spring 33$ and the lock will be released}, To provide changes in the combination, the body 28 has a 7 When the keeper is thus moved, the bail member is freeto move plurality of sets of pinways 34 which are angularly related and receive spring locksabove described. The cylinder is formed withsockets to receive pusher. members and pin sections which permit the combination of the lock to bechanged in the same manner as in the preferred form;

It will be apparent from the foregoing that pressed plungers,

a lock has been provided wherein combination:

will permit the lock to be set up for different keys'without removal from the door. Locks of this'type are particularly desirable for use in residences or'oifices leased to diiferent tenants,

and it is necessary to change the combinations of the locks to prevent the previousoccupants who retain keys from having access to the changing elements have been incorporated which premisesp An important advantage secured by the provision of the lockmechanism disclosed is that the combination may be changed without the addition or removal the manipulation of a key.

. What is'claimed is:

ofany parts simply byl 1. In a lock of the type having a body, a cylin der mounted forrotation in said body from a 7 normal to a combination changing position, tumbler means in said body and cylinder for normally resisting movement of the latter, said means being rendered inoperative upon the insertion of akey having a predetermined shape .mto said cylinder, means provided'in said lock 5 for changing the combination thereof, said the longitudinal axi's of of said'cylinder se v n t al at ie'n'th wmbmaim hanging i n. said "mean be; ing' releasable atwill.

In a a k, a cylindrical body body having a set of pinways disposed'in a plane,

passing through; the longitudinalaxes of said body and cylinder and a second 'set of pinways disposed ina plane p assing only through' the longitudinal .axis of fs aid cylinder, rotation for said cylinder serving 'to' alternatelyfl align the sockets therein with V pressedfollowers mounted in'said pinways, pin

tumbler pusher member's, disposed inthe sockets 5 in said cylinder, relatively thin tumbler sections I, formed. for reception.- by. .saidj pinways and sockets, said sectionsbeingtransferable between said sockets and said pinways through the inf predetermined k'ey'rnea'ns in: said key-, way whenjthe socketsin said cylinder-are in alignment with the pinways? key-retaining means carried by said body'tonormally prevent sertion of the removal, of the key; from said cylinder when said sockets are in alignment with the .pinways" 1 I i means formed'for enof said second set, and gagement. with .said body to render. said keyretainingmeans inoperative. 5

, 3. In a lock, a-cylindrical body provided with 1 a longitudinally extending eccentrically-disposed socket,ja cylinder revolubly positioned in said having a longitudinally*exa plurality of' transversely" socket, said cylinder tending keyway and extending sockets communicating therewith, said body having a set said body and cylinder'and a second setof pin-. ways disposed in -a sockets therein with the s'ets'of pinways, spring-. pressed followers mounted insaid pinways, 'pin "-itumbler pusher members disposedin thesockets .in saidcylinder; relatively thin tumbler sections.

formed for reception 'by said pinwaysand sockets, ;said sections being transferable between 0 y 7 said pinways through the insertion'. of predeterminedkey means insaid key-j M way when the sockets "in said cylinder arein alignment with the Y leasable key-retaining meansffor normally pre-. ventingthe removal of the k .said sockets and pinways,

the pinways of said second set,

providedwith a longitudinally extendingeccentric-ally disposed socket, a cylinder revolubly positioned 1 in. said socket, saidcylinder having a longitudinally ex f tending keyway and a plurality oftransversely 1 extending sockets communicating therewith, said the sets of pinways, spring V of pinways disposed in a plane passingthrough therlongitudinalaxes of l e s neyo li' th u h said cylinder, rotation and manually rey from said cyline j I derwhen said sockets are in alignmentwith V v 7 said retaining means-having a're'sili'ent key-engaging member. 

